Each process of biochemistry on earth is feed by solar energy in one or another form. Petroleum and coal are also results of solar energy storage in past by plants and animals. Today, petroleum and coal resources are used in such a way that it will be exhausted in near future and human being will suffer from energy problems. Wood is renewable source of energy but it is less eco friendly and less practicle to use it for production of electricity from it.
Solar, wind and hydroelectric sources are green sources of energy and will practically never exhausted till far future. Wind and hydroelectric sources are also form of solar energy which is stored by evaporation of water and heat consumed by atmosphere. However, solar cell is one of those technology which help to harvest solar energy directly and by greener way to electricity.
In modern solar penals, solar power is harnessed using Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology that converts sunlight (Solar radiation) into electricity by using semiconductors. When the sunlight hits the semiconductor by penetrating within the PV cell, electrons are freed and bus bars collect the running electrons which results in electric current in wire.There are numerous devices like mobile charger, vehicles, satellites, rovers etc which can be run on solar energy as it is available to all the required places.
There are few limitations of solar penal which makes less reliable to completely fullfill energy requirements of the earth.•
Limitation: This means that at night time there is no generation of energy. Solar panels are more productive in sunny locations. There is more solar radiation hitting their surface, which means they can produce more electricity.However, sunny spots can be determined to fix solar power generation stations. You can get solar power less on cloudy days.
Solar equipment is very costly: Expensive batteries are needed to store solar energy for gadgets to be able to run at night.
High Initial Capital requirements: Solar panels are expensive because they use large amounts of high-purity silicon and purification of silicon is difficult. They must also be complemented with inverters and electrical protections to provide a reliable power supply.Solar power costs are determined by several factors, and the project budget can vary from home to home. Cost increase with efficiency, since they are the most difficult to produce.More advanced silicon making technology may reduce cost of the solar penals in future as silica is abundant. Copper and aluminium is a good conductor of electricity but not used instead of silver as problems arise. Copper is mostly used for making solar cells and solar panels but can’t for connecting them. Eventually, we will probably see all aluminium conductor based solar panels in near future.
Problem of low efficiency: Energy efficiency rating of most solar penals is between 11 and 15 percent, which is the percentage of solar energy that is being converted into useable electricity and rest is lost by refraction and heating by resistance of materials.
• Pollution: There are hazardous materials used in making of solar penals that are associated with pollution.
Negative Energy Balance:
• Installation Area:Design Challenge: The solar vehicles require large surface area on roof for mounted solar panels, have low wind resistance and space only for less people.
Poor Practicality: These green cars don’t have any driver safety features and other equipment such as wiper blades, headlights and rear view mirrors.